Animals

Purple Crabs

With a purple carapace (shell) and reddish claws, these Palawan crustaceans can easily stand out if placed side by side with other crabs. It was last year that four new species of purple crabs were discovered in remote areas of Palawan yet the world of biology couldn’t get enough of these colorful creatures. Among the four, Insulanon magnum (53 mm x 41.8 mm) reigned as the biggest while Insulanom porculum (33.1 mm x 25.1 mm) was declared the smallest. The other two species are Insulamon johannchristiani and Insulamon palawense.

Fast fact: Hendrik Freitag of the Senckenberg Museum of Zoology in Dresden said that it’s natural for crabs to possess the ability to discriminate colors. In the case of purple crabs, the color is used as a means to control social behavior, find mates, and identify their own kind. Image source

 Flying Dragon

Compared to the mythical fire-emitting monster, flying dragons or Draco lizards (Draco volans) are smaller and less dangerous. They usually eat tiny insects and use their elongated ribs to aid in flying or gliding. Flying dragons use their ability to navigate the forest air to find mates, locate preys, and protect their territories.

Fast fact: Local hunters falsely believe that flying dragons are poisonous so attempts to hunt them down haven’t started yet. Lucky for flying dragons as this wrong idea has given them the chance to thrive in the Philippine forests. Image source

 

 Stripe-faced Flying Fox

Also known in the scientific world as the Mindoro stripe-faced fruit bat (Styloctenium mindorensis), this unusual creature was one of the Philippines’ newest discoveries. When explorer Jacob Esselstyn heard vivid descriptions from the locals of Batong Buhay in Occidental Mindoro, he was skeptical at first. But not long after that, the discovery of the “flying fox”–which turned out to be endemic to Mindoro–led to a formal description of the animal published in the August 2007 issue of the Journal of Mammalogy.

Fast fact: Upon discovery, the Mindoro stripe-faced fruit bat finally joined its relative, the Indonesian Styloctenium wallacei, under the same genus. They are usually referred as the “flying fox” because of their facial features. Other unique identifiers include white stripes (in both jaw and brow) and orange pelage (fur). Image source

 Palawan Bearded Pig

Looking at their distinct white beards, one will immediately notice that Palawan bearded pigs (Sus ahoenobarbus) are not your ordinary baboy ramo. Aside from the white hairs covering most of their face, Palawan bearded pigs also feature longer snouts and canine-like teeth. These gentle animals are endemic in the Philippines particularly in the islands of Calamian, Balabac, and Palawan.

Fast fact: Before they were officially named as ‘new species’. Palawan bearded pigs were classified as a subspecies of Bornean bearded pigs. But unlike the latter, Palawan species are more sedentary or “laidback” in nature. Males are more solitary while female bearded pigs tend to form a community or “matriarchal groups” to perform several group tasks such as territorial defense.

 Sea Pen

Sea pen has a stunning resemblance to classic quill pens, hence the name. But these soft corals of the order Pennatulacea can also be seen in the shape of an umbrella or even a golf club. Like other coral species, sea pens also feature individual polyps with eight tentacles for catching planktons. They bury themselves under a wide array of substrates—mud, sand, or solid rock—and easily detach once they decide to look for a new home.

Fast fact: Sea pens are only one of several marine species discovered in the Philippines’ Verde Islands during the Philippine Wildlife Expedition in 2011. They can grow up to 3 meters tall and survive a wide range of marine habitats including the dark sea floors near Antarctica. Some species of sea pens are bioluminescent which means they can glow in the dark once threatened by potential predators. Image source

Sea Pancake

At first glance, this bottom-dwelling sea creature can remind us of our favorite home-made pancake drizzled with cheese and chocolate syrup. But behind its harmless look, this sea slug (scientifically known as nudibranch) hides a fierce appetite. Popularly known as “high-fashioned models” of the sea, nudibranchs get their captivating colors from the creatures they eat. Sea “pancakes”, for example, are just as carnivorous as other species—feeding on a variety of animals ranging from barnacles, sea anemones, sponges, hydroids, and even other nudibranchs.

Fast fact: Found in the Philippines’ Verde Island Passage, the pancake-shaped nudibranch shown above is only one of the 800 species inhabiting in the country. Nudibranchs are hermaphrodites which means they can either be male or female in any occasion. Special tentacles on their heads—called rhinophores—help sea pancakes to move, smell, and taste their prey. Image source

 Terrible Claw Lobster

The name implies a humongous sea monster but with a size of 10 cm (think: prawn), a terrible claw lobster certainly won’t break your neck. This new species of marine creature was first discovered off Luzon islands in 2007 and later earned the scientific name Dinochelus ausubeli. The genus “Dinochelus” literally means “terrible claw” while the species name was named after Jesse Ausubel, renowned sponsor of the Census of Marine Life.

Fast fact: It was only in 2010 when this miniscule deep water creature was formally described. It’s relatively smaller compared to other species of lobster and has one longer claw that almost of the same size as its body. Both claws contain sharp spines along the edges mainly used to catch prey. Image source

 Cantor’s Giant Soft-shelled Turtle

Whenever we hear “turtle”, the sluggish image of pawikan easily come to our minds. Yet with its distinct shell (carapace) and odd behavior, Cantor’s giant soft-shell turtle (Pelochelys cantorii) is born to stand out. Named after a Danish zoologist, Theodore Edward Cantor, this freshwater turtle can grow up to 6 ft (2 m) and usually spends most of its life hidden in the sands of Philippines and other Asian countries. They’re mostly carnivorous—feeding on mollusks, fish, and crustaceans.

Fast fact: Cantor’s giant soft-shell turtle are rarely found perhaps due to its solitary and ‘motionless’ lifestyle. In the Philippines, one of the most recent Cantor’s ever found was a juvenile turtle captured by a fisherman along Addalam River, Cabarroguis, Quirino, Isabela. It was later confirmed to be a young Cantor’s giant soft-shell turtle after the specimen was sent to Chicago in 2001.Image source

 “Inflatable” Shark

Although not as formidable as other species, “inflatable” sharks (known locally as bubble sharks) made it to our list due to its fascinating feature. As their name suggests, inflatable sharks have the ability to puff up by pumping water into their bellies. As a result, these shrimp-eating sharks can instantly increase their size and scare away predators.

Fast fact: Inflatable sharks are one of the new species of marine creatures discovered in Philippines’ Verde Island Passage—a strait that separates Luzon from Mindoro and widely known for its rich marine biodiversity. Unlike other swell sharks, the new species found in the Philippines have lighter spots or camouflaged color patterns. Image source

 Philippine Tube-nosed Fruit Bat

With laterally pointed, tube-like nostrils, this winged creature is one of the strangest-looking bats you can ever find. Philippine tube-nosed fruit bats (Nyctimene rabori) are critically-endangered animals gliding in the air of Sibuyan, Negros, and Cebu rainforests. Despite their distinct and alien-like faces, Philippine tube-nosed bats have been known to only feed on wild figs and insects.

World’s Largest Clam:

Tridacna Gigas (Photo: blog.nus.edu.sg)

It is considered to be the largest clam in the world, and inside it is the largest pearl named “The Pearl of Lao Tzu”. What is interesting is not the shell, but the pearl. It weighs 14 pounds and measures 9.5 inches long and 5.5 inches in diameter. It was valued $42million, and it is believed to be 600 years of age.

Endangered dwarf buffalo:

Tamaraw or dwarf Buffalo (Photo: toptrendingnewsnowphilippines.blogspot.com)

It is a dwarf buffalo which is only found in the Island Of Palawan. It looks like a normal water buffalo but it is quite smaller. People used to call Mindoro as the “Land of the Tamaraws”. About 10,000 heads of these unique pygmy water buffalos were roaming around the island-province of Mindoro in the 1900s. But that was a century ago. Today, the Tamaraws in the province are in danger of extinction, and Mindoro might lose the symbol that it once proudly introduced to the world.

 Smallest freshwater fish:

Pandaka Pygmaea: World’s smallest fish (whatsnewsph.com)

The dwarf goby (Pandaka pygmaea) measures 1.2 centimeters or less than half of an inch, the tiniest known vertebrate. American Ichthyologist Albert Herre first discovered it in Malabon River in 1925. The Philippines is also the home of sinarapan, the world’s smallest commercial fish. Sinarapan, scientifically known as Mistichthys luzonensis, is a goby found only in Lakes Bato and Buhi in Camarines Sur province.

 World’s smallest deer:

Philippine Mouse Deer (Photo: punchinn.com)

South of Palawan, lies the Balabac Island, home of the world’s smallest hoofed mammal – the Philippine mouse deer. Locally known as Pilandok (Tragalus nigricans), this ruminant stands only about 40 centimeters at the shoulder level. Contrary to its name, pilandok is not a member of the deer family. It belongs to the family Tragulidae in the mammalian order Artiodactyla. The male species has no antlers like those of a real deer. Instead, it uses its large tusk-like canine teeth on its upper jaw for self-defense; in the same way a deer uses its antlers.

One of the world’s Largest Eagles:

Philippine Eagle (Photo: projectnoah.org)

Also known as the monkey-eating eagle, the endangered Philippine eagle is one of the largest in the world. With scientific name Pithecophaga jefferyi, the Philippine eagle lives in the rainforests of Isabela, Samar, Leyte and Mindanao. Measuring about one meter in height, the average Philippine eagle has a 76-centimeter highly arched, powerful bill.

Hog deer unique to the Philippines:

Calamian Deer (Photo: flickr.com)

Calamian Islands, north off Palawan province, keep a species of deer that cannot be found elsewhere. Scientists referred to the hog deer in the islands as Calamian deer in order to distinguish them from other hog deer in the world.

 Largest Fruit Bat:

Giant golden-crowned flying fox (Photo: crackedscience.com)

The three-layered virgin forest of Subic Bay and Bataan is home to the world’s largest bats: the giant flying fox (Acerodon jubatus) and the golden crown flying fox (Pteropus vampyrus). Over the years, these two species of giant fruit bats have roamed around the 10,000-hectare Subic Forest National Protected Area, which is considered the biggest roosting site of bats in the world.

 World’s smallest monkey:

Tarsier: (Photo: maxisciences.com)

In many respects, the Philippine tarsier (Tarsius syrichta) is different from other animals. Considered as the world’s smallest primate, it measures only about twelve centimeters in length. Its two big eyes cannot move and do not have a tapetum – the upper protective tissue. Because of this, the Philippine tarsier has learned to turn its head 180 degrees. It has also two grooming claws on each foot and an almost bald tail extending about nine inches.

 World’s Largest Reptile: 

Philippine Crocodile (Photo: indiatvnews.com)

The saltwater crocodile, which can be found in the Philippines, is considered as the world’s largest reptile. Scientifically known as Crocodylus porosus, it is different from Mindoro’s freshwater crocodile (Crocodylus mindorensis), which is a relatively smaller species. An adult saltwater crocodile measures between six to seven meters (20-23 feet) and weighs about two to three tons. There were tales that a 27-foot saltwater crocodile was killed near Lake Taal in Batangas in 1823. It reportedly took 40 men to bring the body ashore.